Cavitation Effect Indicators on Kaplan Turbines

Abstract

During the exploitation of hydropower plants, there are various impacts that negatively affect their efficacy. One of the biggest problems that occurs during the operation of these plants is the appearance of cavitation on the turbine blades. The impact of cavitation on the technical performances of the hydropower plant is unfavorable, and the goal is to minimize its impact, i.e. reduce it to an acceptable level. The paper presents the impact of cavitation on reaction turbines in Višegrad Hydro Power Plant (Visegrad HPP). The cavitation and abrasive effects on vertical Kaplan turbines were investigated. During testing, NDT testing (non-destructive testing) methods were used. Based on the obtained results of the damage test of Kaplan turbines, it can be concluded that these turbines are significantly exposed to the effect of cavitation, as well as damage due to the effect of sand and other sediments in the water. It is necessary to carry out further research in terms of preventive measures in order to achieve optimal functioning of these hydro turbines.